Silymarin inhibits adipogenesis in the adipocytes in grass carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idellus</Emphasis> in vitro and in vivo

In this study, two experiments were performed to explore the function of silymarin in adipogenesis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using in vitro and in vivo models. In experiment 1, differentiated grass carp pre-adipocytes were treated with silymarin for 6 days. Treatment with 100 μg mL^?1silymarin (SM100 group) significantly reduced triglyceride accumulation at day 6. The adipogenic gene expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FAS, SCD1, and LPL, and the protein expression level of PPARγ were significantly down-regulated in the SM100 group. Additionally, the SM100 group had significantly lower reactive oxygen species production and reduced glutathione contents compared with the control in vitro. In experiment 2, the juvenile grass carp (mean body weight= 27.4 ± 0.17 g) were fed six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets in a factorial design containing 0, 100, or 200 mg kg^?1 silymarin (SM0, SM100, SM200) associated with either 4 or 8% lipid levels (low lipid, LL, and high lipid, HL, respectively) for 82 days. The results demonstrated that dietary silymarin supplementation significantly reduced the elevated intraperitoneal fat index in grass carp fed with high-lipid diets, and the gene expression of adipogenesis (PPARγ, FAS) when supplemented with dietary silymarin was notably lower than when no silymarin was supplemented under the high-lipid diets. Thus, our data suggest that silymarin suppressed lipid accumulation in grass carp both in vitro and in vivo, and the effect might be due to an influence on the expression of adipogenesis factors and ROS production partly associated with effects on antioxidant capability.     

基于UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS的不同产地普洱生茶化学成分差异研究

为了更加全面地了解产地对普洱生茶品质与化学成分的影响,本研究选取来自临沧市、普洱市、西双版纳州三大产区12个茶山(自然村)的普洱生茶样品,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对不同产地普洱生茶的非挥发性代谢物表型进行了研究。结果表明:不同产地普洱生茶的化学成分在含量上具有较大差异,且具有明显的产地特征。采用主成分分析,可以对来自西双版纳自治州(包括勐腊县、勐海县、景洪市)、普洱市、临沧市3个地级行政区的普洱生茶进行有效区分,也可以对来自普洱茶产区的东南、西南、西北3个区域的普洱生茶进行有效区分。进一步鉴定了普洱生茶中79种主要成分,并对其在12个茶山(自然村)的普洱生茶中的含量分布,以及与不同产地普洱生茶滋味品质的关系进行了分析。本研究表明,基于UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS的茶叶非挥发性化学成分轮廓可以作为普洱生茶产地判别的依据。     

四川石渠县牦牛源蜱感染巴尔通体的分子流行病学调查

为了解四川省石渠县牦牛体表寄生蜱的种类及其巴尔通体的感染情况。采集牦牛体表的蜱,经形态学初步鉴定后,提取蜱总DNA,PCR扩增蜱细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因和巴尔通体gltA基因,对阳性产物测序、比对,并构建系统进化树,从而确定蜱及其携带巴尔通体的种类。结果表明:在石渠县4个乡共采集到蜱818只,其中西藏革蜱占78.97%(646/818)、青海血蜱占21.03%(172/818);蜱巴尔通体的总感染率为30.07%,其中阿日扎乡、麻甲乡、德荣玛乡、长须干玛乡蜱巴尔通体的感染率分别为4.76%、76.79%、12.50%、17.95%,麻甲乡西藏革蜱巴尔通体感染率显著高于其他地点(P<0.01),麻甲乡青海血蜱巴尔通体感染率(79.07%)高于西藏革蜱(69.23%),但无显著差异(P>0.05)。经比对分析,总共得到3条序列(uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 1,uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 2和uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 3)。遗传进化分析显示,uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 1和uncultured Bartonella sp. shiqu 2与未定种的Bartonella spp. RF124HAIN (FJ464240)亲缘关系最近;uncultured Bartonella sp. Shiqu 3与对人有致病性的Bartonella melophagi亲缘关系最近。综上,石渠县存在西藏革蜱和青海血蜱,蜱巴尔通体感染率较高,并且具有感染人的风险。     

柯桥区茶叶气候风险区划

本文研究了茶叶种植区的主要气象灾害,为各种植区提供不同类型的精细化气象服务做准备。利用浙江省区域气象自动站2004—2016年的数据、地理信息数据,对柯桥区茶叶气象灾害风险进行评估,并在此基础上划分气候风险区划。结果发现：柯桥区南北地势不同带来了气候的明显差异,针对茶叶生长发育的需求,对柯桥区南北气候进行对比分析,发现南部虽然易发生气象灾害,但在气候适宜性综合评价上更适合茶叶生长。因此,本研究有助于为当地茶叶风险预报提供理论依据,有助于整体上优化茶叶生产布局。     

2020年新疆兵团棉花前期主要病虫害发生情况及中后期防控技术

介绍了2020年新疆生产建设兵团棉花主要病虫害前期发生情况，提出棉花病虫害防治策略及中后期防控技术，为做好兵团棉花铃期防病虫保铃保蕾及棉花丰产丰收提供参考。     

豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病的抑菌作用研究

为解决豚草提取物在林业病虫害防治中的推广与应用问题,以豚草叶片为试验材料,采用温浸-超声波联合提取法提取抑菌活性物质,并开展其对杨树水泡型溃疡病病原菌的室内外抑菌试验。室内抑菌试验表明,粗提物浓度为16 mg/mL时,抑菌率达到73.62%;林间防治试验表明,最小抑菌浓度为 40 mg/mL,抑菌率达到95.14%。通过以上抑菌试验确定豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病有较好的抑制效果。     

SCFAs对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞Ca2+信号通路相关基因表达的影响

为探究短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)对奶牛瘤胃上皮细胞(BRECs)Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因表达的影响,试验分为3个处理组,分别为野生型BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs BRECs组,含20mmol/L SCFAs且通过CRISPR/Cas 9系统敲除GPR41基因的BRECs组,每个处理组3个重复,每组细胞均培养24h后,收集细胞提取总RNA,通过qRT-PCR对Ca~(2+)信号通路相关基因的mRNA表达量和细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度进行测定。结果表明,与野生型BRECs相比,添加20mmol/L SCFAs可极显著增加PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),显著增加IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),对PLCE1、PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著差异(P0.05),可增加细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度但无显著差异(P0.05);敲除SCFAs的受体GPR41后,添加20 mmol/L SCFAs可显著降低IP3R1的mRNA表达量(P0.05),极显著上调PLCE1和PLCB2的mRNA表达量(P0.01),但对PLCL1、PKCB和PKCG的mRNA表达量无显著影响(P0.05),细胞内Ca~(2+)浓度有降低趋势但无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,SCFAs可以通过激活其受体GPR41来调控BRECs内Ca~(2+)信号通路中相关基因的表达和细胞内Ca~(2+)的释放。     

智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统运行机理研究

伴随多元化时代的来临,用户的知识需求日益多元化、专业化,对图书馆服务提出了新的挑战。对智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统运行机理的研究,能够为新型知识服务提供理论基础,保障知识资源进行有效的优化整合,实现服务升级。文章在简要分析智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统四大要素的基础上,着重从社会发展、技术进步,知识富集、优化调整和需求驱动、服务升级三方面探讨其形成动因,重点分析智慧图书馆微观知识生态系统的生命周期,最后从合作、循环和保障三方面探讨其运行机理。     

Dietary α‐linolenic acid affects lipid metabolism and tissue fatty acid profile and induces apoptosis in intraperitoneal adipose tissue of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

A 56‐day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effects and mechanism action of dietary α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) on lipid accumulation and fatty acid profile of muscle, hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat (IPF) in juvenile grass carp using three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semi‐purified diets containing 0.0% (control group), 1.0% and 2.0% ALA, respectively. The lowest intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio was found in 2.0% group. In the muscle, hepatopancreas and IPF, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3) contents increased with the increase in dietary ALA. In the IPF, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 showed the highest activities in 2.0% group, while the value of Bcl‐2/Bax (B‐cell leukaemia 2/Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) reached the lowest. Meanwhile, swelling of the IPF mitochondria was observed in 2.0% group. The gene expressions of fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and fatty acid elongase (ELO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed significantly higher levels in the treatment groups, whereas an opposite trend was existed in the IPF. Fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) in the IPF and hepatopancreas reached the lowest in 2.0% group. Overall, dietary ALA could promote n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) synthesis and suppress the accumulation of lipid by decreasing the expression of related genes and promoting the apoptosis in IPF.     

Characterizing a novel predator–prey relationship between native Diplonychus esakii (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) and invasive Gambusia affinis (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) in central China

International Aquatic Research - A considerable body of the literature considers the potential impact of exotic predators on native prey organisms, while comparatively, few studies have asked...